The hardy calanthe are semi-evergreen species from Japan and Asia.
They grow in woodland areas and make excellent garden plants for cool damp shady areas in soil with a large organic content.
They flower either in the spring or late summer depending on species.
Clanthe have pseudo-bulbs that gradually expand horizontally about 3 cm below the surface. The leaves develop as the plant flowers and will remain growing unless there is a heavy frost.
The spring flowering species develop flower spikes at the same time as the leaves begin to open. Flower spikes last up to four weeks and should be cut off when they finish. As the summer progresses the pseudo-bulb will produce one or more new buds and a set of new roots below that springs spike. The large leaves will deteriorate in the autumn but as long as they are green leave on the plant.
Planting.
They are best planted either in the early spring or autumn. Select a suitable garden site and dig over the soil. Add a quantity of composted bark or leafmould as necessary to produce a woodland mulch and, if the soil tends to dry out in the summer add perlite to help water retention. Dig a hole 15 cm deep and twice the width of the plant. Cut off any dead roots or leaves. Hold the pseudo-bulb in the hole 3 cm below the soil level. Fill the hole with the soil mix and cover with 3 cm of bark. Give the plant a good watering.
They also make good pot plants for shady situations. In this situation make a mix of John Innes No2, perlite and bark. Use a large pot so the plant can grow into it.
Feeding.
Calanthe respond to heavy feeding. Feed with ΒΌ strength Tomorite every three weeks in garden or fortnight in pot.
Division.
Pseudo-bulbs should be divided in the autumn, either using a sharp knife or tearing. Ensure that there is a good bud on each section.
Maintenance.
In the autumn put 10 cm bark over each clump. In the spring trim off previous seasons leaves if badly damaged.
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